|
|
Sequencing of the ORMDL3 gene
KRUPILOVÁ, Kristýna
The main topic of the presented bachelor thesis is a sequence analysis of the ORMDL3 gene, which is identified as a potential risk factor for many diseases, the most discussed of which is childhood asthma. This gene is a member of the ORMDL gene family, which encodes transmembrane proteins anchored in the endoplasmic reticulum. In humans, ORMDL3 is located on chromosome 17, in region 17q21.1. In the theoretical part of the thesis the autoimmune diseases, on which origin and development the mutations in the ORMDL3 gene participate to a certain extent, are specified. These diseases include the aforementioned asthma, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and primary biliary cirrhosis. Also, the Sanger sequencing method by which the samples were sequenced, and the modern NGS method are described here. The practical part of the thesis is focused on preparation of samples for Sanger sequencing, and evaluation of sequencing data. To amplify the desired region for the sequencing reaction, the PCR method was used. 20 anonymized DNA samples were prepared this way. For sequencing by Genseq s.r.o. 15 samples were sent. Furthermore, 20 provided samples were evaluated, 10 of which were from children from the České Budějovice region and 10 from children from the Karviná region. These samples were also anonymized. To analyze the sequences of individual DNA samples, freely available BioEdit program and the NCBI database was used. The sequences were read from both sides (forward and reverse), the found mutations were identified and the resulting data were plotted in graphs. After the sequences were read, a heterozygous mutation was present in 5 of the 15 samples. The same mutation was also present in the provided sequences, specifically in 8 out of 10 from České Budějovice and 3 out of 10 from Karviná. This mutation has not yet been described in the NCBI database.
|
|
|
Nursing care of the respiratory system
LINHARTOVÁ, Vendula
The topic of this bachelor thesis is nursing care related to the respiratory system and its diseases. Acute or chronic forms of disease may occur in any hospital units and it is important to know basic rules, treatments and best practices of taking care of the respiratory system. The theoretical part is focused on breath monitoring, application of inhalation preparations, Oxygenotherapy and maintain patency of respiratory system. It also describes hospital units involved in practical research. Two objectives have been set for this thesis. First, how often are nurses at departments of Internal medicine, Surgery and Pneumology in touch with respiratory system diseases, which diseases cause most cases of hospitalization, how these nurses take care of respiratory system and their best practices related to Oxygenotherapy, measuring oxygen saturation and inhalation. Second, what kind of information about respiratory system diseases is known to hospitalized patients and how they care about themselves. Empirical part of this thesis was performed in qualitative form, using semi-structured interview. The questions were divided into six categories: (1) frequency of appearance of respiratory disease; (2) breath monitoring; (3) central oxygen supply system; (4) inhalation; (5) airway suction; (6) education. Research group contains nine nurses with different qualification levels from three distinct hospital units and nine patients with different diagnosis of respiratory disease. The research reveals that there are almost no cases of respiratory disease at department of Surgery. On other hand, nurses at department of Pneumology are in daily touch with respiratory diseases and hospitalized patients belong to the Old age category (65+). Nurses also hardly even use Oxymeter, only in case of Acute deterioration, but they have good enough skills and knowledge of treatment methods and are fully capable to take care of patients' respiratory system.
|
|
|
Asthma In Children's Population and the Enviromental Factors In Selected Towns of the Czech Republic
Fiala, Josef ; Dzúrová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Kazmarová, Helena (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to give information about asthmatic disease, to evaluate the situation in Czech children's population and to analyze the impacts of selected environmental factors on the occurrence of the bronchial asthma in selected age group. In the first part of this thesis are the information about bronchial asthma. In the second part of this thesis are description of the data of selected children group and characteristics of the environment (the source of data was from Czech National Health Institute). There are verifications of the null hypotheses about the risk effect of the environmental factors on the occurrence of the bronchial asthma among 5-years-old children in selected towns of the Czech Republic. The selected towns are České Budějovice, Hodonín, Hradec Králové, Jablonec nad Nisou, Jihlava, Karviná, Kladno, Mělník, Most, Olomouc, Sokolov, Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Orlicí and Žďár nad Sázavou.
|
|
|
Sport activities with asthma bronchiale diagnosis
Klinerová, Hana ; Hronzová, Marie (advisor) ; Hájková, Jana (referee)
This work examines the influence of asthma on children's sports activity. Tested were nine children with asthma bronchiale, athletes and non-sportspeople, using a test battery UNIFITTEST (6-60). The work compares the results of the children tested with results that indicate standardized tables for children of the same age. It explores whether the results will vary greatly and will be the same. The information obtained was processed into tables. Keywords: Asthma bronchiale, sport activities
|
|
|
IL-25: Novel target to treat allergic diseases
Lišková, Kateřina ; Hrdý, Jiří (advisor) ; Boháčová, Pavla (referee)
Interleukin (IL) 25 is a proinflammatory cytokine that promotes a Th2-type cell response. Its alternate name is IL-17E, and along with 5 other members, IL-25 belongs to to the family of cytokine IL-17. The family is based on the similarity of their amino acid sequences. The source and target cells of IL-25 include many different cell types. IL-25 is not only produced by many types of immune cells, but epithelial and Paneth cells are involved in its production as well. Its receptors form heterodimers composed of 2 subunits - IL-17RA and IL-17RB. Both receptor proteins are required for IL-25 mediated activities and occur in other IL-17 family members. IL-25 also plays an important role in allergies - one of the most common diseases in developed countries. Cytokine IL-25 has been studied primarily in asthma. However, other very common types of allergies, such as food allergies, atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis, can not be overlooked. Even in these cases, the role of IL-25 is not negligible and is studied. Based on the knowledge of IL-25 biology and its role in allergies, this cytokine may be an important therapeutic target in the treatment of allergic diseases. One possibility is, for example, the use of neutralizing antibody and subsequent blocking of IL-25 activity. Key words: interleukin-25,...
|
|
|
Cardiovascular Risks in Chronic Airway Disease in Childhood
Kreslová, Marcela ; Sýkora, Josef (advisor) ; Fila, Libor (referee) ; Kopřiva, František (referee)
1 Cardiovascular risks in chronic airway disease in childhood The aim of this thesis was to evaluate cardiovascular risk by using a combined diagnostic approach by measuring RHI and specific biochemical markers in patients with chronic respiratory disease, where we could assume a possible risk of CVD. A total of 119 probands were examined, including 22 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and 52 asthma patients. We evaluated RHI using a new plethysmographic method that has a number of advantages over the ultrasonographic methods used in other studies, including non-invasiveness, high sensitivity, low biological variability and objectivity due to automatic processing. Of the biochemical parameters, we measured 4 biomarkers in relation to endothelial dysfunction (ED): hsCRP, ADMA, E-selectin, and VCAM-1. We compared RHI and biomarkers in CF and asthma patients with healthy controls and sought mutual correlations. We did not prove a statistically significant difference in RHI between the test groups with CF children but we confirmed the decreasing trend of RHI since adolescence and significantly lower RHI values in CF adults, confirming the progressive development of atherogenesis and worsening of ED with age. Biochemical parameters showed significantly higher levels of hsCRP, sVCAM-1 and E-selectin in CF...
|
|
|
Involvement of Asthma-associated Protein ORMLDL3 in Mast Cell Signalling
Eitler, Jiří ; Dráber, Petr (advisor) ; Konvalinka, Jan (referee)
4 Abstract Mast cells are involved in variety of immunological processes, but they are mostly known for their role in allergy and asthma. As asthma and allergy are serious diseases with spreading tendency during last decades, mast cells are subject of intensive research. It is expected that studies of mast cell signalling pathways will contribute to our understanding of the nature of these diseases and help to design efficient treatment strategies. In an attempt to identify genes responsible for asthma disease, genome-wide screening methods have been currently applied. Using these methods, mutations in ORMDL3 (Orosomucoid1-like) protein were found out as a high risk asthma factor. ORMDL3 is a member of evolutionary conserved ORMDL family, comprising in mammals also of ORMDL1 and ORMDL2. Physiological function of these proteins is poorly understood and it has not been studied in mast cells. We decided to study the role of ORMDL proteins in mast cells. Lentiviral delivery system was optimised for generation of stable knock-downs (KD) of all three members of the ORMDL family in primary mast cells. The ORMDL gene expression was measured by improved qPCR (quantitative PCR) reaction buffers. We found that all ORMDL genes are expressed in mast cells in order ORMDL3 > ORMDL2 > ORMDL1. Next, we investigated the...
|
|
|
Attitudes of parents and teachers in the education of a pupil with a chronic disease at the 1 st stage of a regular primary school
Vopatová, Kristina ; Zulić, Marija (advisor) ; Hájková, Vanda (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the attitude of parents and teachers of pupils with chronic diseases in the attenuation of compulsory school attendance at the 1st stage of ordinary primary school. The objective of the work is to identify the problems that parents and teachers of chronically ill students encounter during the educational process. From this basis, the purpose is also to find the basis for the best possible cooperation between parents and teachers. The theoretical idea is represented by individual chronic diseases, namely asthma, cystic fibrosis, pediatric oncological diseases, type 1 diabetes mellitus and epilepsy. In addition, the legislative framework for the education of pupils with these diseases, the methodology of working with pupils with chronic diseases and a search of domestic and foreign research conducted on a similar topic are addressed. The methodological part is devoted to qualitative research, the main goal of which is to find out the attitudes of teachers and parents to the educational process of pupils suffering from the above diseases. Using a questionnaire survey and a semi-structured interview, it is ascertained what are the attitudes of parents and teachers towards the education of pupils with the above-mentioned types of chronic diseases in ordinary primary school....
|
|
|
Knowladge of the selected secondary school's students about respiratory diseases
Drbohlavová, Tereza ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Váchová, Alena (referee)
TITLE Knowledge of second grade pupils of selected primary school in the field of respirátory diseases AUTHOR Tereza Drbohlavová SUPERVISOR PhDr. Hanušová Jaroslava, Ph.D. ABSTRAKT This bachelor thesis is about the topic of respiratory diseases with a focus on the knowledge of pupils from 6th to 9th grade of selected elementary school in this topic. In the first part of the thesis there will be an overview of individual diseases, including their following symptoms. In this part will be described how the selected diseases manifests, clinical picture, progression of the disease, possibilities of vaccination, treatment or prevention. The main goal of this bachelor thesis is to evaluate the knowledge of pupils of the 6th to 9th grade at a selected elementary school in this topic. The necessary information will be collected from the pupils through questionnaires. The second part of this thesis is devoted to the results of this research. From these results it is clear that the pupils' knowledge is generally average. The best results were achieved in 9th grades, with average score of 44.38 points in 9. A and 46.54 points in 9. B. the total percentage success in 9.A is 80.7 % and in 9.B 77.58 %. On the contrary, the lowest number of correct answers was from pupils of 6. A, where the pupils achieved an average score...
|
|
|
The effect of air pollution on the incidence of asthma symptoms
Velická, Helena ; Štípek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Bencko, Vladimír (referee) ; Rychlíková, Eva (referee)
The effect of air pollution on the incidence of asthma symptoms MUDr. Helena Velická ABSTRACT The aim of the thesis was to establish the effect of short-term ambient air pollutant concentration changes on asthma exacerbation and symptom variability. The study concerned 147 child patients (age 6 - 18 years) and 304 adult patients (age 19 - 62 years) with confirmed diagnosis of asthma. Their respiratory symptoms and other complaints were recorded in diaries during the heating season (November 2013 - February 2014) in the high- polluted industrial city of Ostrava, Czech Republic. The concentrations of PM10, NO2 and SO2 were measured and provided as smoothed daily maps. GPS coordinates of two addresses of each respondent (the residence and the school/work) were linked with the maps and 24-hour exposure of the respondents to each pollutant was determined, regarding the individuals'daily pattern. The relationships between exposures and health effects were analyzed using Generalized Additive Models (GAM) and expressed as odds ratios per 10 µg/m3 increase in the mean 24-hour exposure at the same day, and also in lag days (1-5), both separately and as moving averages (1-5). Significant associations were found between increase of one- to several days exposure to air pollutants and asthma symptom incidence both in...
|
guest ::
